A major problem for heat pumps is decreased efficiency and performance in very cold temperatures, causing the system to rely on less efficient backup heat, which can increase energy costs. Other significant problems include refrigerant leaks, which impair performance, and issues from poor maintenance, such as dirty filters or frozen outdoor units. Mechanical failures like a malfunctioning compressor or fan motors can cause the system to stop working entirely. 

Yes, heat pumps can be repaired by a licensed, qualified HVAC professional, as most issues like refrigerant leaks, electrical problems, or faulty components are fixable. However, it is best to weigh the repair costs against the unit’s age and condition.

The average lifespan for a heat pump is 10 to 15 years, though some well-maintained systems can last up to 20 years. Factors like regular maintenance, a milder climate, correct installation, and system usage significantly influence a heat pump’s longevity.